Rare and irregular winter visitor, seldom seen in Amherst but more frequent in the Hadley meadows
December - February
Irregular winter visitor, usually rare but at intervals almost common, especially in November-December
October - May
Winter visitor
November - April
—H.L. Clark, 1887
Formerly many were shot during southward invasions in winter. Most North American breeding areas are remote from effects of human disturbance, but climate change is likely to affect many Arctic birds. Has declined in parts of breeding range in northern Europe.*